Silica (SiO2) is the oxide of silicon, the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. Silica is present as silicates in most natural waters. Typical concentrations lie betw...

Sodium sulfite is the most common form of sulfite and is an excellent reducing agent with applications as an oxygen scavenger. Sulfite concentrations in boiler and process waters m...

Thiosulfate is an excellent reducing agent. It is used primarily as an antichlor, or chlorine-removing agent, in various chemical processes, including the bleaching of pulp, paper,...

Sulphate Reducing bacteria are found in secondary oil recovery effluents, estuarine waters, deepwells, cooling waters, metalworking fluids, water-based hydraulic fluids, and petro...

When populations of mold and yeast become elevated in stored hydrocarbon fuels, metalworking fluid, and process waters, serious economic consequences can result. Problems related t...